Penal Code,1860–Sec. 499–Scope–Excommunication made by community –Whether covered by the offence of defamation ?–Held, yes–An excommunicated person is debarred from respect, acceptance and company of fallows–He is neglected economically and treated as an outcast–Further the exception iv of Sec. 499 does not cover the act of ex-communication hence this act clearly amounts to defamation.
